Jokes About Engineers and Engineering

Browse this collection of engineering jokes, engineering riddles, and other engineer humor. Definition of an Engineer What is the definition of an engineer? Answer: Someone who solves a problem you didnt know you had, in a way you dont understand. Scientist Versus Engineer A scientist can discover a new star, but he cannot make one. He would have to ask an engineer to do that.— Gordon L. Glegg, British Engineer, 1969. Engineers and Glasses The optimist sees the glass as half full. The pessimist sees the glass as half empty. The engineer sees the glass as twice as big as it needs to be. Engineers: Wife or Mistress? An architect, artist, and engineer were discussing whether it was better to spend time with their wives or mistresses. The architect said, I like spending time with my wife building a firm foundation of a marriage. The artist said, I enjoy the time I spend with my mistress because of all the passion and energy. The engineer said I enjoy both. If you have a wife and a mistress, both women think you are with the other so you can go to work get more done. Engineering Joke A girl asked her boyfriend, an engineer, Dont you want to see where I was operated upon for appendicitis?The engineer replied, Oh, I hate to see a hospital. It Takes One to Know One Engineer and Mathematician (males) were given the opportunity to compete for a very attractive woman. But there was one condition: You can only run half the remaining distance between you and the lady. Eng. sprinted forward while Math. didnt. Why arent you running? Asked members of the Committee. Because, by definition, I will never be allowed to reach my target. And you Eng. why are you running? Dont you know the same? Yes, said Eng. my learned friend is correct. But I will get close enough for all practical purposes. Engineer Priorities An engineering major sees classmate riding up on a new bike and asks when he got it. I was walking back from the computer lab when the most beautiful woman I had ever seen rode up on this bike, stopped, took all her clothes off and said to me Take what you want! Good choice, the friend replies. The clothes probably wouldnt have fit you. EE Humor I keep trying to find a phone number in Atlanta, but all the websites keep returning Not Found errors. (Explanation: The area code for Atlanta is 404 as in HTTP 404, the error code for File Not Found) Engineering Degree Joke A graduate with a Science degree asks, Why does it work? A graduate with an Engineering degree asks, How does it work? A graduate with an Accounting degree asks, How much will it cost? A graduate with a Liberal Arts degree asks, Would you like an apple pie with that? Mechanical Engineers, Civil Engineers and Chemical Engineers What is the difference between Mechanical Engineers and Civil Engineers? Mechanical Engineers build weapons; Civil Engineers build targets. Chemical Engineers are engineers that build targets that explode really well.

Marijuana Use And Abuse Of Marijuana Essay - 1787 Words

Introduction Marijuana is a common drug that is derived from the plant cannabis and has been around for centuries. Many individuals in society argue that cannabis can be used for medicinal purposes thus, many researchers believe it is important to begin studying the effects that cannabis will have on people. While this drug has been deemed to have had both beneficial and detrimental side effects, many individuals are still wary as to what this drug may bring forth in terms of future medical discoveries, as well as other issues associated with it. Therefore, findings and new developments of medications for various types of diseases are being studied very closely in hopes of finding something that may create a huge impact in the world of medicine. So, studies over marijuana for medicinal use are becoming prevalent and with each new study, there arises a new question as to whether marijuana will have a positive or negative impact for certain medical conditions in patients. Likewise, the question of whether recreational use and abuse of marijuana can negatively impact communities also comes in to play. This paper serves to review the use of marijuana for medicinal purposes in its advantages, disadvantages, and whether recreational use may affect the idea of it becoming legalized in more states. Advantages of Marijuana The use of marijuana has been studied for various medical issues. Many of these studies have shown that there are benefits for many patients when they are usingShow MoreRelatedDrug Use And Abuse Of Marijuana1299 Words   |  6 Pagesresulted in the use of illegal substances. In today’s society there are people who would say that the use of marijuana is a result of bad parenting, while others claim that it is due to their surroundings. Regardless of one’s point of view, the use of marijuana has been going on for some time now and is not only a problem in our generation but back during the 1900’s to 1950’s as well. During the 1900’s there were a lot of things going on and some people were doing what was in, Marijuana. According toRead MoreDrug Abuse : Act Of Marijuana Use2019 Words   |  9 Pages Drug Abuse Implications in Reference to Marijuana use Drug abuse is too much consumption of drugs which results in problematic consequences as a result of the excessive consumption. The issue of drug abuse has presented major controversies as to whether or not is detrimental to health and should not be used or whether people have the absolute right to do whatever they may please with their lives so long as nobody else is being affected. The abuse of drugs has not only disastrous consequencesRead MoreEssay Recreational Marijuana Should NOT Be Legal1698 Words   |  7 Pagesthat regarded marijuana in America required farmers to grow hemp in the year 1619 for clothing, rope, and other materials, but â€Å"as early as 1840, doctors recognized the medical applications of marijuana, and the drug was freely sold in pharmacies for over a century.† (Rich and Stingl). In 1937, the use and possession of marijuana was made illegal, but â€Å"before 1937 marijuana was freely bought, sold, grown, and used.†(Rich and Stingl). In 1970 the congress decided to classify marijuana as a scheduleRead MoreThe Negatives Effects of Marijuana on Teenager880 Words   |  4 PagesThe Negatives Effects of Marijuana on Teenager What is Marijuana? The marijuana affects the brain development on teenager. Also affect the function at school, work, and social life of the teenagers. The marijuana increases the risk of mental health issues. The sadistic show that the used of marijuana increase every years. Marijuana affects the teenager and also their families. According to National Institute of Drug Abuse, Marijuana is a greenish-gray mixture of the dried, shredded leaves, stemsRead MoreThe Cons Of Marijuana And Marijuana1449 Words   |  6 PagesEmma Biggs/Regalia Political Studies 22 October 2014 The Cons of Cannabis Although it is a highly common defense that marijuana is not addictive, it in fact is. Many regular smokers find themselves ridden with very similar withdrawal symptoms of a tobacco addict (Marijuana Addiction Symptoms and Effects). Around 9% of people who use find themselves dependent on marijuana (Is Marijuana Addictive?). That may not seem like much, but that is almost 1 in every 10 people hooked on a drug that is supposedlyRead MoreSubstance Abuse Isn t Adequately Addressed1090 Words   |  5 Pages Substance abuse isn t adequately addressed. One of the substantial drug uses is marijuana. It is also known as cannabis, hemp, dope, or weed. Marijuana is used for beneficial reasons and harmful reasons. Most cannabis users are addicted to it, but it primarily needs to be used for medical purposes. Although mounting new evidence confirms the healing qualities of marijuana, much opposition still exists preventing it from people who need it the most. The use of marijuana has been around for thousandsRead MoreThe Legalization Of Medical Marijuana1314 Words   |  6 PagesMarijuana is the most frequently abused illegal substance worldwide. Not only is there no legitimate medical use, it has been tied to physical, mental, and emotional damages. â€Å"Marijuana refers to the dried leaves, flowers, stems, and seeds from the hemp plant Cannabis sativa, which contains the psychoactive (mind-altering) chemical delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), as well as other related compounds† (National Institute on Drug Abuse). There are many supporters of the legalization of medical marijuanaRead MoreMarijuana is a Social Problem Essay example976 Words   |  4 PagesMarijuana is a Social Problem Marijuana is the second most popular drug after alcohol in the country today. So many people smoke marijuana that the numbers alone seem to legitimize and condone its presence in peoples lives. Yet, even in moderation marijuana is not safe. Somehow this information had not filtered down to people who think they are smoking a fairly innocuous drug. Our society perpetuates the myths about pot being a fun, harmless, recreational drug. These myths feed into peoplesRead MoreMedical Marijuana Should Be Legal Essay1156 Words   |  5 Pagescannabis plant is most commonly referred to as marijuana. The United States views marijuana as an illegal substance within its borders. This law seems simple, but a huge curveball has been thrown the government’s way: medical marijuana. Numerous clinical trials and studies are beginning to show a more benevolent side to the â€Å"drug† previously thought to produce nothing more than invalids. The federal government should legalize the use o f medical marijuana because it does not inflict the harm criticsRead MoreMarijuana Laws Restrict The Growth And Use Of Marijuana1513 Words   |  7 PagesMarijuana is â€Å" the dried leaves and female flowers of the hemp plant, used in cigarette form as [a] narcotic or hallucinogen.†(â€Å"Marijuana†) In the 17th century, marijuana production was encouraged and supported by U.S. legislation. Later, â€Å"during the 19th century,[marijuana] use became a fad in France and also, to some extent, in the U.S.†(â€Å" Marijuana Timeline†). During the 1920’s and 1930’s, the drug raised fears linked with illegal immigrants and criminal activity. (â€Å"Marijuana Timeline†). Then

Broadcasting Corporation s Decision On Broadcast Jerry...

Introduction - What I intend to write about In this report, I will be assessing the British Broadcasting Corporation s decision to broadcast Jerry Springer: The Opera back on 8th January 2005. In order to judge the decision, I will be looking at the reasons why the BBC made the decision to air it in 2005. I will be comparing the number of people who complained to the BBC to the total amount of people who watched the broadcast using viewing figures and charts. In addition, I will also look at the viewpoints of the Christian Voice Campaign who argued against the opera. Finally, I will also be using my knowledge of Utilitarianism and Kantianism while referencing the viewing figures and the BBC s general duty to the public to establish my†¦show more content†¦Despite this, the BBC continued with its decision to broadcast it. [2] (Inglis, Media Ethics. 2014 pers. comm., 8th December) BBC s arguments for their decision on televising Jerry Springer: The Opera According to figures from BBC News, over 1.7 million people tuned in to watch the opera. The report continues to state that there were 317 phone calls made to the BBC since the transmission and a mass of them were very supportive. [3] However, there was an overall high figure of 63,000 complaints about the opera and it became the most criticised television programme ever. [4] (Inglis, Media Ethics. 2014 pers. comm., 8th December) Despite the number of complaints, the BBC defended their decision on broadcasting the opera through a corporation spokesman. The spokesman said that the BBC conformed to their choice of televising the contentious opera and that it endures to be shown to congested audiences in London s theatres. [5] This statement shows that there were people interested in the opera by the time the BBC broadcasted it. The spokesman continues by saying that the corporation were proud to see that a broad range of crowds were able to witness a vital modern musical work. [6] (Cre ated with Microsoft Works Spreadsheet.) BBC News. 2005. Springer opera draws 1.7m viewers. [online]. Available from: http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/4159217.stm [Accessed 28th December 2014]. Arguments against the broadcast according to the

Jackie Robinson s Influence On Baseball And America

Jackie Robinson’s Influence in Baseball and America Baseball has been known as America’s great sport since the 1920’s. Many people love to watch the games and create their own fantasy teams because they look up to the wide, diverse players on each team. Every team consists of males of different races and this helps bring culture into the great game. Having such a big diversity in one sport makes it easier for more people to enjoy because there is something in it for every person. However, baseball has not always been like this. From the very beginning of baseball, only white men were playing in the Major Leagues. African Americans were technically allowed to be on the team, but no one wanted them on the Major League teams. This was a time where African American’s were still treated badly and segregation was very big. People would not see an African American on a baseball team until the 1940’s. The first African American to play on a white team had t o be the best at the game and needed the strength to withhold any feelings that would lead him to acting out because of the things the whites would do or say to him. This man happened to be the young, courageous Jackie Robinson. The hardships Jackie Robinson endured changed the game of baseball and still influences not just athletes, but people in every aspect of life. Jackie Robinson changed the game of baseball forever by becoming the first African American to play in the Major Leagues. Jackie Robinson had always been good atShow MoreRelatedJackie Robinsons Leadership Style1441 Words   |  6 Pageslives.†- Jackie Robinson A true leader is someone who people willingly follow and listen to as well as someone who has the ability to influence and motivate others. An outstanding example of a great leader is Jackie Robinson. On April 15, 1947, Jackie Robinson shocked the world and changed not only the history of sports, but changed America. Facing the criticism, ignoring the racial slurs, and following his true passion, Jackie Robinson broke the color barrier in Major League Baseball. JackRead MoreJackie Robinson : The Baseball Player978 Words   |  4 Pages Jackie Robinson is often seen as the baseball player to put blacks on the map. Though, what Troy argues in â€Å"Fences† is completely different. He believes that Jackie Robinson was the most successful baseball player not necessarily the best. Troy believed that he, in fact, knew teams that Jackie Robinson would not make. He also knew of many black baseball players that came before Jackie Robinson that simply did not a chance. This can relate to athletes that never made it to the big leagues becauseRead MoreSports And Its Impact On Society3522 Words   |  15 Pagesbe applied for Jackie Robinson’s effect during the civil rights movement, when he was the first African American man to sign with a Major League Baseball team. Jackie Robinson was born into a sharecropping family on January 31st, 1919 in Cairo, Georgia, but soon after moved to Pasadena, California in 1920. Jackie was the youngest of five siblings, all of whom were very athletic. His brother Matthew was a silver medalist in the 1936 Olympics and was a heavy influence on Jackie pursuing athleticsRead More Jackie Robinson and the Struggle for Equality in Baseball Essay3760 Words   |  16 PagesJackie Robinson and the Struggle for Equality in Baseball Baseball has always been known as Americas pastime. But Americas pastime, along with Americas past, have both been saturated with the brutal force of racism. For hundreds of years, from the time of slavery until the middle of the 20th century, African-American children rounded up their friends and headed to the baseball diamond. There, for thousands of young black players, the smell of the grass, the cloud of dust that formed whenRead MoreJackie Robinson5168 Words   |  21 PagesJackie Robinson, Why Him? The story of Jackie Robinson has become one of Americas most iconic and inspiring stories. Since 1947, American history has portrayed Jackie Robinson as a hero, and he has been idolized as a role model to the African American baseball community. It is an unarguable fact that he was the first to tear down the color barriers within professional baseball. The topic of Robinson’s role in integration has long been a point of discussion amongst baseball historians. ResearchersRead MoreStrides Toward Equality in Major League Baseball Essay2871 Words   |  12 PagesManager of the Brooklyn Dodgers, and vice president, Branch Rickey, had always been bothered by the unwritten and unspoken color line in major league baseball. In 1945, he took advantage of his power as manager and called for a meeting with Jackie Robinson from the Kansas City Monarchs, a Negro League team (â€Å"About Jackie Robinson†). He had always secretly scouted Negro League teams in hopes of finding the rig ht candidate. One who had enough talent, but also had enough guts to not jeer back at theRead MoreJackie Robinson Contributions to the Development of America1866 Words   |  8 Pages The first man to break the color barrier in Major League Baseball in the 20th century, Jackie Robinson is, to this day, one of the most celebrated baseball players in history. It is only a few times in one’s life that they have the chance to know of someone who’s character could be digested in simply a sentence. Especially a complex person, a complex athelte. Although there aren’t many people like Jackie Robinson. A life is not important, he said, except in the impact it has on other lives.Read MoreThe Jim Crow Policies Of Baseball1789 Words   |  8 PagesMany people in major league baseball attempted to stop segregation in the sport, it wasn’t even close to get accomplished until Brooklyn Dodger s general manager, Branch Rickey began the great experiment. The Jim Crow policies of baseball had been changed ever since 1945 when Rickey and Jackie Robinson from the Negro League s Kansas City Monarchs was placed onto a contract that would place Jackie into the major leagues in 1947. Jackie Robinson began to make history since 1947 when he first brokeRead MoreJackie Robinson And The Brooklyn Dodgers2822 Words   |  12 Pagesaspects of American life, black sportsmen were segregated, and no African American had played professional baseball since 1884. For this reason, the integration of Jackie Robinson to the Brooklyn Dodgers as the first African American to play Major League baseball in the modern era had a grand impact on the entire country. From the moment that Dodgers owner, Branch Rickey decided that Robinson would break the colour lone, the history of sport and the history of African Americans would not be the sameRead MoreHistory and Importance of Baseball in the US Essay1763 Words   |  8 PagesBaseball is an American icon. It is the Statue of Liberty, the bald eagle, ‘In God We Trust,’ Mount Rushmore, ice cream, apple pie, hot dogs, and rally monkeys. BASEBALL IS AMERICA.† At one time baseball held the hearts and captivated the minds of the majority of the United States of America with its luster and almost magical exuberance. It exerted this on minds of young children and all the way up to old men and women in America. Americans fell in love with the scent of ballpark hotdogs and the

Adult-Incarceration Free Essays

string(95) " also found that those tried as juveniles generally had a positive view of the juvenile court\." When young people commit crimes, there are usually reasons behind their behavior and these reasons need to be addressed with care and thoughtfulness and not the severest form of punishment. During the 1990s, several states decided to try juveniles as young as 17 years old as adults, and to use adult-incarceration facilities for those who were convicted. I think that was a negative trend. We will write a custom essay sample on Adult-Incarceration or any similar topic only for you Order Now Young people have a lot happening inside their bodies and minds, this is not to excuse them but it’s a fact. A lot of internal changes are taking place and by that I mean, hormonal changes, bodily changes and mood swings. Apart from major internal physical changes taking place, they also have to deal with peer pressure and behave in a certain way so that they fit in with their friends’ idea of being cool and normal. Researches and studies on the juvenile brain show that teens sent to adult court result in being worse than those who are not. They have a tendency to get in to trouble more often and the offenses are more severe. (Patrick, 2005) An Example of the Law Being Too Harsh: Reginald Dwayne Betts was executed at the age of 16 and spent more than eight years in prison, in Virginia for an armed carjacking. He was an honors student who had never been in trouble with the police before; he thought he would either be sent to a juvenile detention center or in an extreme case would receive a suspended sentence. But astonishingly, he was tried as an adult and was originally sentenced to 23 years of imprisonment. (Sharon, 2007) Locked up at the young and tender age of 16, Betts spent 8 years in adult prisons. At such a young and impressionable age, he wasn’t prepared to deal with the horrors and harsh realities of an adult prison. He was quite vulnerable to the happenings around him both physically and emotionally. It was hard for him to get used to being away from home and at the same time to deal with the isolation and stress that comes from being in an adult prison. To make matters worse, violence haunted him day and night; he witnessed other prisoners having their heads split open and getting stabbed. He was exposed to disturbing conditions at a very young age whereas most people would never have to face such incidents in their entire life. Even though Betts served 8 years in prison, he now has a fulfilling career as a writer but he knows that he is an exception and he believes that youngsters who end up in prison usually don’t make it as successful human beings. Another example of a juvenile being tried is Zack, who was recently released after serving 27 months for being involved in the robbery of an Oregon convenience store. His mother says Zack (then 15) was struggling with a bipolar disorder at that time. At present, he’s 17 and although his school was hesitant to welcome him back, he is once again a student there. His mother says that Zack will always be a criminal in the eyes of the society and he still finds it hard to put the past behind him and it was exceptionally hard for him to find work as a lot of people did not want anything to do with him. Zack’s mother admits that he deserved punishment but probation and counseling would have been better for him rather than serving time in jail (Sharon, 2007) Why Passing Harsher Laws Against Juveniles Is Wrong? An assumption made by legislators in passing harsher laws in order to make it easier to try juveniles as adults, has been that juveniles would be less likely to become involved in criminal behavior if there were tough laws and hence a message would be sent to offenders that crime would not be tolerated. (Brian, 2006) Though, research has proven this assumption wrong. Numerous prominent studies have proved that juveniles tried as adults tend to engage in criminal activities more often, more quickly and more seriously than those tried as juveniles. Fagan (1996) looked at the relapsing to criminal activities rate of eight hundred juveniles. The 15 to 16 year olds were convicted of first degree robbery, second degree robbery or first degree burglary. Half of the cases came from two counties in New York and the other half were from two counties in New Jersey. (Brian, 2006)   Due to New York’s Juvenile Offender Law, all the New York based cases were automatically handled by the criminal court, whereas New Jersey based cases were handled by the juvenile court. A comparison of the cases of both states showed that there were significant differences found in the re-arrest rates of those convicted of robbery. A higher number of robbers from New York were rearrested as compared to the robbers from New Jersey. Furthermore, robbers from New York who were sentenced to incarceration in a criminal court tended to re-offend considerably sooner than those from New Jersey who were sentenced to incarceration in juvenile court. A research, Podkopacz Feld (1996); carried out a comparison of recidivism rates for offenders from Hennepin County, Minnesota that had had their cases referred for possible transfer to criminal court from 1986 to 1992. They finding outs were that those offenders who were tried as adults had a considerably higher recidivism rate (58 %) than those offenders who were tried in a juvenile court (42 percent). (Brian, 2006) Therefore, this shows that if juveniles are convicted as adults and face adult punishments, then they feel alienated from the society and their connection with the community over all weakens and this leads them to relapse to criminal activities once they have served their time in prison Also possible juveniles tried as adults are more likely to view criminal court proceedings as unfair and unjust and hence they relapse to criminal activities to rebel or avenge the unfairness. Researches have also found that those tried as juveniles generally had a positive view of the juvenile court. You read "Adult-Incarceration" in category "Papers" They were happy with the overall treatment of the judges towards them since they sincerely seemed to care about their well being. In addition, the majority of the people interviewed for the research   saw the juvenile court proceedings as fair and only a very few saw the juvenile court proceeding as unjust. Majority of the offenders who were tried for the criminal court believed that the judges they faced didn’t seem to care much about them nor about their problems. They complained that the court proceedings were formal and rushed and quite a lot of them reported difficulty in understanding the legal terminology that was used in the court proceedings. Many that were tried for the criminal court thought that the criminal court’s process sent a strong message that the offenders were of very little importance. Research has also shown that juveniles held in adult prisons were one and a half times as likely to be assaulted with a weapon and five times more likely to be sexually assaulted as compared to the inmates held in juvenile facilities. An earlier research by Flaherty (1980) showed that the suicide rate of juveniles held in adult jails was 7.7 times higher than the suicide rate of juveniles held in juvenile detention centers and if you compare it with the normal youth population than its 4.6 times higher. (Brian, 2006) Effective Ways of Dealing with Juvenile Offenders: To combat juvenile crimes/offences, judges and courts need to understand what provoked the juveniles to commit such offences in the first place. The best way to deal with them is gently and in order to improve their over all behavior gentler punishments should be given and not harsh, adult punishments, as the juveniles are in the process of growing up and aren’t full grown adults hence they need to be dealt with gently but firmly to eradicate their wrong habits for once and all. Judges like Michael Corriero, who is based in New York, are well aware of how adult treatment of juvenile offences affects most of the juveniles. He supervises a special court by the name of Manhattan Youth Part and resolves cases of juveniles that belong to the ages 13-15 and have been tried as adults for serious crimes. He tries to steer as many as possible away from the criminal court. (Sharon 2007) According to his ideology, a youth’s character is flexible. Kids in their early teens (13-15) are supposed to learn from their mistakes. If we lock them up, what will they become in 10 years time? They won’t possess any special skills. And nothing can be expected of kids that have been put in to adult prisons therefore have been criminalized before their time. 65% of the cases he handles are either sent for counseling or other such alternative programs, most of those programs are private and if the kids succeed, their records are sealed. Only the kids that commit major offences are tried in criminal courts (Sharon 2007) Although these treatment programs are very expensive, but they are worth every penny as if you correct a juvenile in a juvenile justice program then the society will have less adult criminals. Therefore it’s essential to see what kind of crimes or mistakes the youth are committing and to treat them accordingly. In cases such as minor shoplifting or joy riding the juvenile should be counseled and should not be given the same punishment as an adult. Since the youth may have committed that particular crime due to immense peer pressure. Although juvenile crimes make most of us think of gangs, rape and murder; violent teens are the exception. Whereas in reality, according to various studies, violent teens only makeup 5% of all juvenile arrests. The more common reasons for prosecuting juveniles in adult courts are drugs, burglary, theft, taking cars for joy ride (Sharon Cohen, N.D. http://www.usatoday.com/news/nation/2007-12-01-tryingkids_N.htm). Being in an adult jail increases a child’s risk of being exposed to sexual abuse and assault. Educational opportunities are usually very limited and inadequate. Juveniles that Commit Major Offences: The other side of the picture is that some prosecutors argue about kids that are too dangerous to be considered juveniles as if tried as a juvenile, they maybe freed of all sorts of charges and imprisonment as soon as they turn 21. (Sharon 2007) An example of such dangerous juveniles will be Matthew Niedere and Clayton Keister, who murdered Niedere’s parents in cold blood. The murder was planned carefully by the 17 year olds. Niedere’s father was shot five times and his mother four times by him. Keister shot Patricia Niedere, when she ran outside the family store, calling out for help. The two 17 years olds were prosecuted as adults and rightly so. In such extreme cases, where youth nearing adulthood have committed cold blooded murders, they should be punished severely. (Sharon 2007) Conclusion: To conclude, I’d like to say that juveniles for mild and petty crimes should not be prosecuted as adults. As in the case of being convicted, they suffer from poor conditions, horrendous health care to inappropriate lock-ups and very few efforts to help them (youth) re-enter society. Furthermore they are exposed to sexual abuse and forced to grow up before their time and may face psychological problems later on their life, due to exposure to brutal activities such as stabbings, or even murders taking place in the prisons. Once these juveniles serve their time in the jail and are released, it’s also hard for them to re-enter the society and be acceptable by the rest of the society. They would always have that tag attached with them that they once committed a crime and went to prison for it. Therefore for minor crimes, its better to have them counseled or to assign them certain hours of community service, as their minds and personalities are still being shaped and hence its better to correct them by allowing them to ponder over their mistakes and to make them serve the society through community service in order to have them realize their mistakes. References Brian E. Oliver, ‘Does Trying Juveniles as Adults Work?’ An Analysis of the Evidence, June 2006 http://www.aicharleston.com/JuvenileJustice1.htm Accessed March 14, 2008 Juvenile crime statistics, http://www.onlinelawyersource.com/criminal_law/juvenile/statistics.html Accessed March 14, 2008 Juvenile justice system, http://education.stateuniversity.com/pages/2142/Juvenile-Justice-System-JUVENILE-CRIME-VIOLENCE.html Accessed March 14, 2008 Patrick Boyle (2005). Articles Section of Perspectives on Youth, http://www.perspectivesonyouth.org/Pages-Archive/CurEditionsPerspectives-Summer-Fall2005.htm Accessed March 14, 2008 Sharon Cohen (2007). Prosecuting kids as adults: Some states ponder changes http://www.usatoday.com/news/nation/2007-12-01-tryingkids_N.htm Accessed March 14, 2008 How to cite Adult-Incarceration, Papers

Calculus in Genetics Essay Example For Students

Calculus in Genetics Essay Introduction In recent decades the advancements achieved in bioengineering have helped us develop a better understanding of the origins from which humans and other living creatures spur. The discovery of the Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is the key to all bioengineering. The DNA is a nucleic acid that contains the genetic instructions used in the development and functioning of all known living organisms and some viruses. The main role of DNA molecules is the long-term storage of information. An allele is one of two or more forms of the DNA sequence of a particular gene. Each gene can have different alleles. Sometimes different alleles can result in different traits. Occasionally different DNA sequences of alleles will have the same result in the expression of a gene. With the help of mathematics and molecular biology scientists are now able to determine how close genetically different nationalities are compared to one another. The contents of this research paper will demonstrate how Calculus is used to establish the genetic similarities between various populations. The table bellow shows the relative frequencies of four alleles in four different populations, the Eskimo, the Bantu, the English, and the Korean. AlleleEskimoBantuEnglishKorean A?. 29. 10. 21. 22 A?. 00. 09. 07. 00 B. 03. 12. 06. 21 O. 68. 69. 66. 57 The allele frequency of each of the populations can be expressed as a four dimensional vector. In this exercise we label with â€Å"a? † the vector showing the square roots of the relative frequencies of the alleles in the Eskimo population. Let â€Å"? †,†? †,†? † be the corresponding vectors for the Bantu, English, and Korean population. The genetic distance between two populations is defined by the angle between the corresponding vectors. We define the angle between two n-dimensional vectors, ? and ? using the dot product: cos? =(v w ? )/? v ? w ? =(v_1 w_1+v_2 w_2+? +v_n w_n)/? v w , provided? v ,? w 0 With the angle formula and the information provided by the allele table we can estimate with a fair amount of accuracy how far apart the four populations are from one another genetically. To prepare we will create a glossary of our vectors and their magnitudes written i n the proper mathematical notation. First we list the components of each vector: a ? =v(. 29) i ? +v(. 00) j ? +v(. 03) k ? +v(. 68) h ? b ? =v(. 10) i ? +v(. 09) j ? +v(. 12) k ? +v(. 69) h ? c ? =v(. 21) i ? +v(. 07) j ? +v(. 06) k ? +v(. 66) h ? d ? =v(. 22) i ? +v(. 00) j ? +v(. 21) k ? +v(. 7) h ? Second we find the magnitude of each vector: ?a ? ?=v(? v(. 29)? ^2+? v(. 00)? ^2+? v(. 03)? ^2+? v(. 68)? ^2 )=1 ?b ? ?=v(? v(. 10)? ^2+? v(. 09)? ^2+? v(. 12)? ^2+? v(. 69)? ^2 )=1 ?c ? ?=v(? v(. 21)? ^2+? v(. 07)? ^2+? v(. 06)? ^2+? v(. 66)? ^2 )=1 ?d ? ?=v(? v(. 22)? ^2+? v(. 00)? ^2+? v(. 21)? ^2+? v(. 57)? ^2 )=1 Using the definition, is the English population closer genetically to the Bantus or the Koreans? Explain. First we find the angle between the Bantus and the English population by plugging in the values of their components and magnitudes into the dot product equation for finding an angle between two vectors. Then we solve for †?. † The angle is: ?= cos^(-1)? ((b ? †¢c ? )/? b ? c ? ? )=cos^(-1)? ((v(. 1) v(. 21)+v(. 09) v(. 07)+v(. 12) v(. 06)+v(. 69) v(. 66))/(1†¢1))? 10. 272 ° We use the same process to determine the angle between the Korean and the English population. The angle is: ?= cos^(-1) ((d ? †¢c ? )/(? d ? ?†¢? c ? ? ))=? cos^(-1)? ((v(. 22) v(. 21)+v(. 00) v(. 07)+v(. 21) v(. 06)+v(. 57) v(. 66))/(1†¢1))? 19. 857 ° When we compare the obtained values for both angles we see that 10. 272 °

Spartan Warfare Essay Research Paper Spartan Warfare free essay sample

Spartan Warfare Essay, Research Paper Spartan Warfare In the seventh Century BC a new epoch of warfare scheme evolved. Before this new scheme, pes soldiers ( known as hoplites ) engaged in conflict in the signifier of one rabble for each ground forces which on the bid of their generals tallies at each other and returns to chop blindly at the enemy with small to no way other so to kill the enemy in forepart of them. This proved to be really mussy and the tide of conflict depended largely on emotion and size of an ground forces. In the name of scheme and organisation, the phalanx was developed. A phalanx is merely defined as a line formation with its breadth significantly larger so its deepness. The deepness of the phalanx is a variable which some suggest was decided by the ground forces itself instead so by the leaders of the ground forces. We will write a custom essay sample on Spartan Warfare Essay Research Paper Spartan Warfare or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The smallest deepness appears to hold been that of one adult male deep. However this was a alone happening which is widely believed to be fabricated. The largest deepness is that of 120 work forces deep which was fielded at one clip by the Macedonians. On norm, the deepness of the phalanx appears to be about eight work forces deep. During the clip of Alexander the Great, the phalanx was believed to be eight work forces deep, but some argue that it evolved into a 16 adult male deep phalanx. The Spartans intentionally varied the deepness of their phalanx so to confound the enemy about the figure of soldiers fielded. The phalanx proved to be a really valuable arm for the armed forces at that clip. Armies which did non accommodate to the phalanx formation were rapidly slaughtered. The usage of the phalanx allowed the Greeks to win the Iranian Wars. Many historiographers believe that the development of the phalanx led straight to societal alterations happening throughout Greece during the clip of the phalanx # 8217 ; s execution. The phalanx formation allowed work forces to take part in the armed forces who otherwise could non hold because a much smaller investing in arms and armour was needed to take part in the phalanx. The combined addition in the figure of those take parting in the ground forces and the addition in importance of the common pes soldier lead to the common adult male being progressively treated better by the opinion categories. Finally this may hold led to the innovation of democracy. The most noticeable difference between ancient Greek and modern warfare is the sum of # 8220 ; intelligence # 8221 ; information. Today our military manoeuvres are about entirely reliant on information we get from orbiters, lookouts, or undercover agents in the resistance. The ancient Greeks wholly ignored this country of military scheme. Countless narratives of ground forcess run intoing each other by opportunity or ground forcess go throughing within stat mis of each other without cognition of the other. Intelligence information seemed to hold come by opportunity for the ancient Greeks instead so by witting attempt. Surprise is besides an component of war which in modern times is taken really earnestly and which was taken really lightly in ancient Greece. In fact there is grounds that ancient Grecian soldiers raised their voices in the signifier of a marching vocal when they were told that an enemy was near and may be caught unprepared. This war vocal, called a paian, was besides used to advance organisation in the marching ground forces so that all soldiers would process with an even measure. In add-on, the paian was used to advance bravery and courage. A paian was besides used on ships to denote the closeness of the enemy. When the existent conflict was joined the paian turned into a war call. The Spartans frequently accompanied the paian with a flute or several degree Fahrenheits lutings. The Spartan King would take the paian every bit good. The usage of the paian for onslaught appears to hold Dorian roots. The Spartans are normally the 1s associated with the usage of a paian. Thucydides references that when the Dorians, from other city states, started a paian when they were functioning in an Athenian ground forces, fright was struck into the Black Marias of the Athenians. Finally the sizes of the ground forcess were really different from what we are accustomed to today. We are familiar with ground forcess of 10s of 1000s, 100s of 1000s, or even 1000000s. The full Spartan ground forces was estimated to be under five 1000s work forces. In the beginning, Grecian ground forcess showed about no wage construction. This was make to the fact that military engagement was seen as a adult male # 8217 ; s responsibility to his city state or as a signifier of revenue enhancement. Each adult male was required to supply his ain armour for conflict. There for merely those who could afford armour and arms could be in the ground forces. Since most work forces could non afford armour, most could non take part. Those who could afford to take part had other signifiers of income. However there was a wage system in topographic point by 445 or 444 BC in Athens. The wage system was enacted during a clip of peace for Greece, merely after the sign language of the 30 twelvemonth peace between the Delian League and the Peloponnesian League. The standard rate of wage seems to hold been a dram a twenty-four hours until it was cut in half in 413 BC. However the standard rate over clip was between three obols ( half a dram ) to a full dram a tw enty-four hours for a hoplite soldier. In Sparta, the armed forces was a manner of life. From an early age, kids were trained to be strong and to hold good combat accomplishments. With most of their population being serfs, or helot, it was necessary to hold a well-organized and extremely trained contending force to set down any rebellions. Therefore, even though the Spartan armed forces was relatively little, it was really strong. Athinais derived her military strength from a strong naval forces. In 481 BC the metropolis of Athens discovered a big Ag mine on publically owned land. Athinais used this Ag to construct a fleet of 200 ships of a type called triremes. This naval force non merely gave Athens an advantage against the Persians in the Iranian wars, it besides gave Athens the power to coerce the rank of about all the Aegean islands and many other city states into the Delian League. The Greek hoplite wore a helmet, aegis and cracklings of bronze. The hoplite is typically armed with a wooden spear for the phalanx formation and a short blade for in close combat. The unit of ammunition shield was strapped to the left forearm and gripped by a leather strap with the left manus at the opposite terminal. In the 3rd century B.C. ( the 200 # 8217 ; s ) the unit of ammunition shield evolved into a more door-like shield. The shields were easy carried on the dorsum when traveling and were normally used as a stretcher for transporting the dead off the field of conflict. The soldiers were traditionally required to supply for their ain arms and armour, but finally the duty fell to the authorities and the costs were deducted from the soldiers # 8217 ; wage. There were a assortment of grounds for this transportation of duty including the province # 8217 ; s ability to purchase quality armour for all and the benefits of soldiers contending in armour to which they are accustome d. There is besides an aesthetic benefit to holding all soldiers, arms, and streamers of the same visual aspect, non to advert the economic benefit for the city state when all arms and armour for the ground forces must be bought within the city state.